Bachani: A Literary Translator
Feature Article | Literary Translation
“ Fazal Ahmed Bachani (1934–1987) stands among the finest literary translators in Sindhi. Through his versions of Haggard, Hesse, Wilde, Hugo and Gibran, he opened world literature to generations of Sindhi readers. This article examines his life, major works, approach to translation and lasting influence. ”
A tribute to the literary translator whose work connected Sindhi literature with the great classics of world fiction and philosophy.
Among the distinguished figures of modern Sindhi literature, Fazal Ahmed Bachani (1934–1987) occupies a unique place. Although he was also a short-story writer, essayist, memoirist and literary critic, his enduring contribution lies in literary translation. At a time when translations of world literature into Sindhi were relatively limited, Bachani introduced readers to some of the most influential novels and philosophical works of world literature through elegant, readable, and culturally sensitive translations.
Early Life
Fazal Ahmed Bachani was born on 11 April 1934 in Tando Allahyar, Sindh. He developed a deep interest in literature early and established himself as a creative writer, but it was translation that became his defining vocation. Throughout his career, he demonstrated that translation is not merely the conversion of words from one language to another, but the recreation of literary experience for a new readership.
A Master of Literary Translation
Bachani’s translations are remembered for their clarity, natural Sindhi expression, accurate choice of vocabulary, and preservation of the artistic spirit of the original works. Rather than producing literal translations, he sought to recreate the emotional and philosophical depth of each text in fluent Sindhi. This approach made complex works of world literature accessible to ordinary readers without sacrificing literary quality.
Introducing World Classics to Sindhi Literature
The breadth of Bachani’s translations reflects both his literary taste and intellectual curiosity. His translation of Kahlil Gibran’s selected stories, published as Sapun (سپون) in 1960, introduced Sindhi readers to Gibran’s poetic prose and spiritual philosophy.
Perhaps his best-known work is Aashi (عاشي) (1961), his Sindhi translation of H. Rider Haggard’s celebrated novel She. This adventure novel, combining mystery, romance, and fantasy, became one of the memorable translated novels in Sindhi literature and remains associated with Bachani’s name.
His fascination with Haggard continued with Aaseh (Aashi Ji Wapsi) (1983), the Sindhi translation of Ayesha: The Return of She, allowing readers to continue the remarkable story begun in She. Bachani also translated Hermann Hesse’s philosophical masterpiece Siddhartha as Sudharth (سڌارٿ) in 1982. Through this work, Sindhi readers encountered profound reflections on spirituality, self-discovery, and the search for enlightenment.
Another landmark translation was Oscar Wilde’s prison letter De Profundis, published in Sindhi as Saza Ja Sukh (سزا جا سک) in 1983. The work introduced readers to Wilde’s deeply personal reflections on suffering, forgiveness, and artistic growth.
His translation of Oscar Wilde’s only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, appeared the same year as Tasveer Jo Khoon (تصوير جو خون). By bringing Wilde’s exploration of morality, beauty, and corruption into Sindhi, Bachani expanded the thematic range available to Sindhi readers.
Among his ambitious projects was a Sindhi rendering of Victor Hugo’s monumental novel Les Misérables, titled Soran Sandhiyas (سورن سانڍياس), introducing one of the greatest works of French literature to Sindhi audiences.
He also translated Shadows in the Wall under the title Rooh Ji Golha (روح جي ڳولا), further demonstrating his interest in bringing diverse literary traditions into Sindhi.
Original Writings
Although celebrated primarily as a translator, Bachani was also a creative author.
His collection Nazbo (نازبو), published in 1962, reflects his talent as a storyteller. He also wrote numerous essays and scholarly articles that appeared in newspapers and literary magazines throughout his career.
His memoir, Aghi Aein Huyas (اڳي ايئن هياس), published in two volumes, provides valuable personal recollections and observations on literary and social life. Today, these memoirs serve as an important source for understanding the literary culture of his era.
Literary Style
Bachani believed that translation should preserve both meaning and artistic beauty. His Sindhi is distinguished by five qualities:
These qualities helped establish a high standard for literary translation in Sindhi.
Contribution to Sindhi Literature
The significance of Fazal Ahmed Bachani extends beyond the individual books he translated. He broadened the literary horizons of Sindhi readers by introducing them to British, Irish, French, German and Arab-American writers through carefully crafted translations.
For many readers, his books became the first encounter with authors such as Kahlil Gibran, H. Rider Haggard, Hermann Hesse, Oscar Wilde, and Victor Hugo. In doing so, he enriched Sindhi literature not only with new stories but also with new philosophical ideas, literary styles, and cultural perspectives.
A translator can become an original literary force by recreating great works in another language.
Legacy
Fazal Ahmed Bachani passed away on 23 August 1987, leaving behind a remarkable body of work that continues to be appreciated by readers and researchers. His translations remain significant because they represent a period when literary translation served as a bridge between Sindhi readers and world literature. They continue to demonstrate that a translator can become an original literary force by recreating great works in another language with sensitivity, elegance, and artistic integrity.
Today, Fazal Ahmed Bachani deserves recognition not merely as a translator, but as one of the principal architects of modern Sindhi literary translation—a writer who expanded the intellectual and literary landscape of Sindhi through his lifelong dedication to bringing the world’s classics within reach of his readers.
Feature Article | Literary Translation
Sindhi translation and the classics of world literature
Editorial Note
References and further study
Sindh Salamat Kitab Ghar. “Fazal Ahmed Bachani.” Author profile. Accessed October 9, 2026.
Library of Sindh. “Aghi Aein Huyas — Memoirs.” Library of Sindh. 1984–1985.
Bachani, Fazal Ahmed. Aghi Aein Huyas [Memoirs], vol. 1. Sindh Salamat Kitab Ghar digital edition.
Bachani, Fazal Ahmed. Aghi Aein Huyas [Memoirs], vol. 2. Sindh Salamat Kitab Ghar digital edition.
Gibran, Kahlil. Sapun. Selected stories, translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani, 1960.
Haggard, H. Rider. Aashi [She]. Translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani, 1961.
Haggard, H. Rider. Aaseh (Aashi Ji Wapsi) [Ayesha: The Return of She]. Translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani, 1983.
Hesse, Hermann. Sudharth [Siddhartha]. Translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani, 1982.
Wilde, Oscar. Saza Ja Sukh [De Profundis]. Translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani, 1983.
Wilde, Oscar. Tasveer Jo Khoon [The Picture of Dorian Gray]. Translated into Sindhi by Fazal Ahmed Bachani. Roshni Publications, 1983.
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